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Skill IDENTIFYING THE MAIN IDEA AND SUPPORTING IDEAS (consolidated)
For this skill, you are required to practice and perform the following skills:
• Understanding information from both reading and listening passages
• Taking notes on the reading and listening passages
• Using information from your notes in your writing
• Synthesizing the information taken from both the reading and listening passages
To achieve this skill you are required to apply the following strategies and process.
Process Strategy
Read, listen, and take notes You are required to take notes on major points from both reading and listening.
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Read the question and understand the task Identify what kind of relationship between the reading and the listening the question asks you to discuss
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Select ideas from our notes Choose the points that you need to discuss. Think about how the points in the lecture relate to the points in the reading. The listening passage will present details that will wither challenge the information presented in the reading, present a counter example or describe the consequences of an attempt to solve a problem presented in the reading.
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Organize the ideas Include information from both the reading and listening passages. Clearly show the relationship between the information presented in the listening and that presented in the reading passage.
Limit the time for organizing to less than 2 minutes in order to give yourself more time for writing and editing.
You have to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage.
Read the text and take necessary notes in the Note below.
READING PASSAGE
One development that has caused much concern among parents and teachers is the growing popularity of video games among children. Many children now spend the majority of their free time in front of the computer, and this has a number of negative effects.
First, playing video games is basically an individual activity. Therefore, when children spend most of their time playing video games, they spend very little time with their friends. Interacting with one’s friends is an important part of growing up. It teaches a person to work well in groups and to treat other people with respect. Since many children today spend much of their time alone playing video games, they never learn these valuable lessons.
Second, video games do not encourage mental activity. In order to play a video game, a child does not have to concentrate very hard, or for a long period of time. At most, children have to pay attention for 15 or 30 minutes at a time. As a result, playing video games has a negative effect on a child’s attention span and memory.
Finally, playing video games does not help a child prepare for later life as an adult. Many of the traditional games that children used to play stressed teamwork and problem solving skills. In this way, they helped prepare children for life as adults. Video games, however, teach children no useful skills for adult life.
In your Note, you have to write brief line about
1) the issue or topic/main idea of the reading passage. The topic states what the passage is generally about.
2) the supporting ideas to develop this topic. These supporting ideas explain or describe the issue stated in the introduction.
Issue/main idea: ………………………………………………………
Supporting ideas:
1. ………………………………………………………
(Supporting details) ……………………………………………………
Supporting ideas
2. not mental activity
(Supporting details) ……………………………………………………
Supporting ideas
3. ………………………………………………………
(Supporting details) ……………………………………………………
If you really have difficulty in identifying the main idea/issue and supporting details, you can unmask the suggested answer below.
Issue/main idea: children who spend most time playing game with computer may suffer some bad effects
Supporting ideas: 1. spend very little time with their friends
(Supporting details) fail to interact and learn how to live and treat people in group
Supporting ideas 2. not mental activity
(Supporting details) not concentrate hard; negative effect on child’s attention span
Supporting ideas 3. not help a child prepare for later life as an adult
(Supporting details) does not stressed teamwork and problem solving skills
Now listen to a lecture on the topic you read about and complete the note below.
In your note, you have to write brief line about
1) the issue or topic/main idea of the listening passage. The topic states what the passage is generally about. For this task, you are required to decide whether the speaker/lecturer agrees or disagree with the writer’s opinion stated in the reading passage.
2) the supporting ideas to develop this topic. These supporting ideas explain or describe the issue stated in the introduction of the listening passage. For this task, you are required to identify the arguments the speaker/lecturer used to refute/support each of the writer’s supporting ideas/points.
Tip:
To identify the issue/topic of the reading/listening passage you should identify the writer/speaker’s point of view or his/her position toward this issue. Very often, this is claimed in a sentence called thesis statement which is characteristically at the beginning of the introductory paragraph. This thesis statement tells you whether something is good or bad, desirable or undesirable. This thesis statement (in the introduction) signals that you will have to prove/support/persuade the reader/hearer with supporting ideas/details (in the body).
Issue/main idea: ………………………………………………………………
Supporting ideas:
1. ………………………………………………………………
(Supporting details) ………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………….
(Supporting details) ………………………………………………………………
3. …………………………………………………………….
(Supporting details) ………………………………………………………………
Script
LISTENING PASSAGE
Well, it is no secret that playing video games has become the major free time for many children, and we constantly hear how bad that is for those children. In truth, however, playing video games is not bad for children, and in some ways, is even helpful.
OK, first of all, many people are concerned that children who play video games will grow up isolated and will never learn important social skills. If you take a look at most of the video games that children play these days, they are Internet based games. Uh…children actually have to interact with a whole internet based community when they play these games. So, in reality, video games do provide a great deal of social interaction, it’s just over the Internet instead of face-to-face.
Another common complaint is that video games are bad for the attention span. Again, if you look at the kinds of video games that many children play these days, you’ll see that this isn’t really true. A lot of modern video games require a high degree of concentration over a long period of time. In fact, it‘s not uncommon to find a child highly focused on a video game for as much as 3 or 4 hours at a time.
Finally, there have been recent studies that have shown that playing video games actually does help prepare for later life. This is because it familiarizes them with the computer, and nearly every job in the modern world uses a computer to some extent.
If you really have difficulty in identifying the main idea/issue and supporting details, you can unmask the suggested answer below.
Answer Key:
Question:
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the points made in the reading.
(Be sure to use your own words and structures, i.e. do not just repeat exactly the lines from the reading and those from the listening passage. To achieve this, you are required to paraphrase the sentences from the reading and listening passage, that is to say, you have to rewrite the sentence with your own expressions and structure without changing the meaning of the original sentence.
Strategies for paraphrasing
• Understanding the meaning of the highlighted sentence correctly
• Using the context to understand the highlighted sentence clearly
• Identifying a paraphrase that most accurately restates the key information in the original sentence
Types paraphrasing
• Recognizing different sentence structures that keep the meaning of the original sentence:
Ex. Australia is the worlds smallest continent, but it is one of the most fascinating.
• Changed sentence structure:
Ex. One of the most fascinating, Australia is also the world's smallest continent.
• Recognizing different vocabulary words that keep the meaning of the original sentence:
Ex. Australia is the world's smallest continent, but it is one of the most fascinating.
• Changed wording:
Ex. Australia is the smallest target landmass on the planet; however, it is among the most interesting.
• Changed structure and wording:
Ex. Though it is the smallest continent on the planet, Australia is among the most interesting.
The representation of the original sentence and the paraphrased sentence
Type of paraphrase Original sentence Paraphrased sentence
Change of structure Australia is the worlds smallest continent, but it is one of the most fascinating One of the most fascinating, Australia is also the world's smallest continent. (change of position; but is deleted)
Change of word Australia is the world’s smallest continent, but it is one of the most fascinating Australia is the smallest large landmass on the planet; however, it is among the most interesting.
Change of structure + words Australia is the world’s smallest continent, but it is one of the most fascinating. Though it is the smallest continent on the planet, Australia is among the most interesting.
Note: the bold italic part shows the change of structure; the underlined part shows the change of word (synonymous expressions)
The framework of the sample essay with the analysis below may help you.
Thesis statement of the professor
The professor says that ..................... and gives three reasons why it is true. These reasons directly contradict the reading, which says that ....................
Relating to the statement of the reading
Topic sentence of 1st supporting idea
Ending remark relating to the point of reading First, the professor says that .................... In fact, .................... These claims call the reading, which says that playing school sports is good for a student’s health, into question. Supporting details for 1st supporting idea
Topic sentence of 2nd supporting idea
Ending remark relating to the point of reading Second, the reading says .................... The professor, however, says that .................... For example, .................... So, actually playing video games does not ...................., as the reading claims. Supporting details for 2nd supporting idea
Topic sentence of 3rd supporting idea
Ending remark relating to the point of reading Finally, the professor says that .................... She also says that .................... This directly contradicts the reading’s claim that ....................
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